Biology !

Review Sheet '   Final Exam Spring Semester

1. 2 chambered heart - fish
3 chambered heart '   amphibians, reptiles
4 chambered heart '   birds, mammals

2. deoxygenated blood(superior/inferior vena cava(right atrium(right atrioventricular [tricuspid valve](right ventricle(pulmonary semilunar valve(pulmonary artery(lungs(oxygenated blood(lungs(pulmonary veins(left atrium(left atrioventricular[bicuspid/mitral] valve(left ventricle(aortic semilunar valve(aorta

3. salivary amylase '   oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus; breaks down sugar/starch into smaller polysaccharides
pancreatic amylase '   small intestine; breaks down polysaccharides
disaccharidase '   end of small intestine; breaks down sugar into monosaccharides
pepsin '   stomach; breaks down proteins to small polypeptides
nucleases '   small intestine; breaks down DNA/RNA into nucleotides
lipase '   small intestine; breaks down fat droplets into glycerol/fatty acids

4. skeletal muscle '   voluntary, striated, bones/tendons;
cardiac muscle '   involuntary, striated, heart
smooth muscle '   involuntary, unstriated, digestive tract/arteries

5. CO2 can be transported through the body by capillaries, veins, or the pulmonary artery.

6. filtration '   occurs in glomerular capsule
reabsorption '   occurs at the proximal convoluted tubule
secretion '   occurs at the distal convoluted tubule

7. Urea is waste excreted by the urethra; it is made from the liver.

8. Urine leaves the kidneys(ureter(urinary bladder(urethra where it is excreted.

9. erythocytes '   RBCs; carry oxygen, leukocytes '   WBCs; attack pathogens, platelets '   blood-clotting agents

10. B cells '   humoral [fluid]; bone marrow; produce memory B cells
T cells '   cell-mediated; bone marrow(thymus; produce cytotoxic (killer) T cells, memory T cells, & helper T cells

11. Countercurrent heat exchange is the transfer of heat from arteries to veins.

12. In the inflammatory response, the small vessels vasodilate; the blood supply to...