Notes

(E. Sutherland) Criminology '   the study of : the process of making laws, breaking laws, and the societal reaction to the breaking of laws

Brown, Esbensen and Feis def. : the scientific study of violations of criminal law
                            ⇨ use of ohs to collect empirical data
                            ⇨ crime
types of definitions of crime
narrow
      strict legalistic '   judicially determined violations of criminal law

      modified legalistic '   socially harmful acts w/ provision for penalty by the state
broad
      normative '   violation of conduct norms

      humanistic '   violation of basic human rights

2 perspectives in the process of making laws

Consensus '   laws reflect the will of the majority

Conflict '   laws are tools of the powerful

Sutherland and Cressey

    1. harm done
    2. harm prohibited by law
    3. actus rheas
    4. mens rea
    5. concurrence
    6. causal link between behavior and harm done
    7. punishment

Bill Chambliss '   public interest
Conflict (elites) & consensus approach
Each contribute but each inadequate

H. Becker '   moral entrepreneurs
Rule creators '   moral crusaders
Rule enforcers '   police
Driven by to justify role (job)
Believe in morality

Moral panic
Manifest function '   intended consequences
Latent function '   un-intended consequences

Crime as subjective '   open to interpretation
Crime is socially constructed

Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) '   data collected from local police departments by the FBI
      16,000 police agencies report crime to UCR 95% of pop. Is covered by these police agencies.
      Divided into two parts

      Part I : serious & frequency (index crimes)
        Personal : murder, rape, robbery, assault
        Property : burglary, theft/larceny, motor vehicle theft, arson

      Crime rates '   number of crimes that have occurred per 100,000 population

                # of crime x...